当用户在搜索框输入字符时,我们应该提示出与该字符有关的搜索项,如图:
这种根据用户输入的字母,提示完整词条的功能,就是自动补全
需要根据拼音字母来推断,因此要用到拼音分词功能。
拼音分词器
要实现根据字母做补全,就必须对文档按照拼音分词。在GitHub上恰好有elasticsearch的拼音分词插件。地址:https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin,请安装ES对应版本的拼音分词器
安装方式
①解压
②上传到虚拟机中,elasticsearch的plugin目录
③重启elasticsearch
④测试
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| POST /_analyze { "text": "如家酒店还不错", "analyzer": "pinyin" }
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自定义分词器
默认的拼音分词器会将每个汉字单独分为拼音,而我们希望的是每个词条形成一组拼音,需要对拼音分词器做个性化定制,形成自定义分词器。
elasticsearch中分词器(analyzer)的组成包含三部分:
- character filters:在tokenizer之前对文本进行处理。例如删除字符、替换字符
- tokenizer:将文本按照一定的规则切割成词条(term)。例如keyword,就是不分词;还有ik_smart
- tokenizer filter:将tokenizer输出的词条做进一步处理。例如大小写转换、同义词处理、拼音处理等
文档分词时会依次由这三部分来处理文档:
声明自定义分词器的语法如下:
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| PUT /test { "settings": { "analysis": { "analyzer": { "my_analyzer": { "tokenizer": "ik_max_word", "filter": "py" } }, "filter": { "py": { "type": "pinyin", "keep_full_pinyin": false, "keep_joined_full_pinyin": true, "keep_original": true, "limit_first_letter_length": 16, "remove_duplicated_term": true, "none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false } } } }, "mappings": { "properties": { "name": { "type": "text", "analyzer": "my_analyzer", "search_analyzer": "ik_smart" } } } }
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如何使用拼音分词器?
下载pinyin分词器
解压并放到elasticsearch的plugin目录
重启即可
如何自定义分词器?
创建索引库时,在settings中配置,可以包含三部分
character filter
tokenizer
filter
拼音分词器注意事项?
为了避免搜索到同音字,搜索时不要使用拼音分词器
自动补全查询
elasticsearch提供了Completion Suggester查询来实现自动补全功能。这个查询会匹配以用户输入内容开头的词条并返回。为了提高补全查询的效率,对于文档中字段的类型有一些约束:
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| PUT test { "mappings": { "properties": { "title":{ "type": "completion" } } } }
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然后插入下面的数据:
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| POST test/_doc { "title": ["Sony", "WH-1000XM3"] } POST test/_doc { "title": ["SK-II", "PITERA"] } POST test/_doc { "title": ["Nintendo", "switch"] }
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查询的DSL语句如下:
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| GET /test/_search { "suggest": { "title_suggest": { "text": "s", "completion": { "field": "title", "skip_duplicates": true, "size": 10 } } } }
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实现酒店搜索框自动补全
现在,hotel索引库还没有设置拼音分词器,需要修改索引库中的配置。但是我们知道索引库是无法修改的,只能删除然后重新创建。
另外,我们需要添加一个字段,用来做自动补全,将brand、suggestion、city等都放进去,作为自动补全的提示。
需要做的事情包括:
修改hotel索引库结构,设置自定义拼音分词器
修改索引库的name、all字段,使用自定义分词器
索引库添加一个新字段suggestion,类型为completion类型,使用自定义的分词器
给HotelDoc类添加suggestion字段,内容包含brand、business
重新导入数据到hotel库
修改酒店映射结构
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| PUT /hotel { "settings": { "analysis": { "analyzer": { "text_anlyzer": { "tokenizer": "ik_max_word", "filter": "py" }, "completion_analyzer": { "tokenizer": "keyword", "filter": "py" } }, "filter": { "py": { "type": "pinyin", "keep_full_pinyin": false, "keep_joined_full_pinyin": true, "keep_original": true, "limit_first_letter_length": 16, "remove_duplicated_term": true, "none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false } } } }, "mappings": { "properties": { "id":{ "type": "keyword" }, "name":{ "type": "text", "analyzer": "text_anlyzer", "search_analyzer": "ik_smart", "copy_to": "all" }, "address":{ "type": "keyword", "index": false }, "price":{ "type": "integer" }, "score":{ "type": "integer" }, "brand":{ "type": "keyword", "copy_to": "all" }, "city":{ "type": "keyword" }, "starName":{ "type": "keyword" }, "business":{ "type": "keyword", "copy_to": "all" }, "location":{ "type": "geo_point" }, "pic":{ "type": "keyword", "index": false }, "all":{ "type": "text", "analyzer": "text_anlyzer", "search_analyzer": "ik_smart" }, "suggestion":{ "type": "completion", "analyzer": "completion_analyzer" } } } }
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修改HotelDoc实体
HotelDoc中要添加一个字段,用来做自动补全,内容可以是酒店品牌、城市、商圈等信息。按照自动补全字段的要求,最好是这些字段的数组。
因此我们在HotelDoc中添加一个suggestion字段,类型为List<String>
,然后将brand、city、business等信息放到里面。
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| @Data @NoArgsConstructor public class HotelDoc { private Long id; private String name; private String address; private Integer price; private Integer score; private String brand; private String city; private String starName; private String business; private String location; private String pic; private Object distance; private Boolean isAD; private List<String> suggestion;
public HotelDoc(Hotel hotel) { this.id = hotel.getId(); this.name = hotel.getName(); this.address = hotel.getAddress(); this.price = hotel.getPrice(); this.score = hotel.getScore(); this.brand = hotel.getBrand(); this.city = hotel.getCity(); this.starName = hotel.getStarName(); this.business = hotel.getBusiness(); this.location = hotel.getLatitude() + ", " + hotel.getLongitude(); this.pic = hotel.getPic(); if(this.business.contains("/")){ String[] arr = this.business.split("/"); this.suggestion = new ArrayList<>(); this.suggestion.add(this.brand); Collections.addAll(this.suggestion, arr); }else { this.suggestion = Arrays.asList(this.brand, this.business); } } }
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重新导入
重新执行之前编写的导入数据功能,可以看到新的酒店数据中包含了suggestion:
自动补全查询的JavaAPI
而自动补全的结果也比较特殊,解析的代码如下:
实现搜索框自动补全
查看前端页面,可以发现当我们在输入框键入时,前端会发起ajax请求:
返回值是补全词条的集合,类型为List<String>
1)HotelController
中添加新接口,接收新的请求:
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| @GetMapping("suggestion") public List<String> getSuggestions(@RequestParam("key") String prefix) { return hotelService.getSuggestions(prefix); }
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2)IhotelService
中添加方法:
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| List<String> getSuggestions(String prefix);
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3)HotelService
中实现该方法:
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| @Override public List<String> getSuggestions(String prefix) { try { SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("hotel"); request.source().suggest(new SuggestBuilder().addSuggestion( "suggestions", SuggestBuilders.completionSuggestion("suggestion") .prefix(prefix) .skipDuplicates(true) .size(10) )); SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); Suggest suggest = response.getSuggest(); CompletionSuggestion suggestions = suggest.getSuggestion("suggestions"); List<CompletionSuggestion.Entry.Option> options = suggestions.getOptions(); List<String> list = new ArrayList<>(options.size()); for (CompletionSuggestion.Entry.Option option : options) { String text = option.getText().toString(); list.add(text); } return list; } catch (IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException(e); } }
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